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DENGUE FEVER

24/07/2020

Dengue is a disease caused by any one of four closely related virus (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, DEN-4). The virus is transmitted to humans by the bite of Aedes aegypti that is infected with a dengue virus. The virus circulates in the blood leading to fever. Infection with one strain does not provide cross protection against another strain.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?

High fever (400C/1040F) with the following:

Headaches
Chills
Pain behind eyes
Nausea, vomiting
Joint, bone or muscle pains
Rash

The fever tends to decline within 3-7 days after symptoms begin. As the fever decreases, warning signs of a severe infection may appear.

WARNING SIGNS

Watch for warning signs to 3-7 days after symptoms began even if temperature declines. Rush to hospital if ANY of the following symptom appear:

Fatigue/restlessness
Pale, cold, or clammy extremities, especially in the 4th – 5th day of disease
Rapid breathing
Persistent vomiting
Bleeding from nose or gums
Vomiting blood/ blood in urine or black stools
Abdominal pain

A severe infection can lead to shock and organ failure.

HOW DENGUE FEVER IS DIAGNOSED?

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. Blood tests may be done to look for diagnosis and complications.

HOW DENGUE FEVER IS TREATED?

You may be referred to a specialist.

There are no medications currently available that can provide a cure. Early diagnosis and immediate medical care are needed.

Supportive care may include:

Take rest
Drink plenty of fluids – ORS, fruit juices… This will help to replace fluids, sugars and salts lost during the illness.
Take Paracetamol – to reduce fever and joint pain.
Aspirin or Ibuprofen should not be taken.

Children with warning signs should be monitored at hospital.

HOW TO PREVENT DENGUE FEVER?

IMMUNIZATION

Dengvaxia® (CYD-TDV) developed by Sanofi Pasteur was licensed in December 2015 and has now been approved by regulatory authorities in 20 countries for use in endemic areas in persons ranging from 9-45 years of age.